Chapter 11
Objectives
1. State the conditions required to produce SHM.
2. Determine the period of motion of an object of mass m attached to a spring of force constant k.
3. Calculate the velocity, acceleration, potential, and kinetic energy at any point in the motion of an object undergoing SHM.
4. Write equations for displacement, velocity, and acceleration as sinusoidal functions of time for an object undergoing SHM if the amplitude and angular velocity of the motion are known. Use these equations to determine the displacement, velocity, and acceleration at a particular moment of time.
5. Determine the period of a simple pendulum of length L.
6. State the conditions necessary for resonance. Give examples of instances where resonance is a) beneficial and b) destructive. Explain how damped harmonic motion can be achieved to prevent destructive resonance.
7. Distinguish between a longitudinal wave and a transverse wave and give examples of each type of wave.
8. Calculate the speed of longitudinal waves through liquids and solids and the speed of transverse waves in ropes and strings.
9. Calculate the energy transmitted by a wave, the power of a wave and the intensity of a wave, across a unit area A.
10. Describe wave reflection from a barrier, refraction as the wave travels from one medium into another, constructive and destructive interference as waves overlap, and diffraction of waves as they pass around an obstacle.
11. Explain how a standing wave can be produced in a string or rope and calculate the harmonic frequencies needed to produce standing waves in string instruments.

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Chapter 12: Sound

Objectives
After studying the material of this chapter, you should be able to:
1. Determine the speed of sound in air at one atmosphere of pressure at different temperatures.
2. Distinguish between the following terms: pitch, frequency, wavelength, sound intensity, loudness.
3. Determine intensity level in decibels of a sound if the intensity of the sound is given in W/m^2.
4. Explain how a standing wave can be produced in a wind instrument open at both ends or closed at one end and calculate the frequencies produced by different harmonics of pipes of a given length.
5. Determine the beat frequency produced by two tuning forks of different frequencies.
6. Explain how an interference pattern can be produced by two sources of sound of the same wavelength separated by a distance d.
7. Solve problems involving two sources for m, d, wave length, and the angular separation (theta) when the other quantities are given.
8. Solve for the frequency of the sound heard by a listener and the wavelength of the sound between a source and the listener when the frequency of the sound produced by the source and the velocity of both the source and the listener are given.
9. Explain how a shock wave can be produced and what is meant by the term "sonic boom."

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Chapter 13

Objectives
After studying the material of this chapter, you should be able to:
1. Convert a temperature given in degrees Fahrenheit to degrees Celsius and/or degrees Kelvin, and vice versa.
2. State the factors that cause the volume of a solid or liquid to change or the length of a solid to change. Also, solve word problems and determine the final length or volume.
3. Write the mathematical relationships that summarize Boyle's law, Charles law, Gay Lussac's law, and the ideal gas equation. Use these equations to solve word problems.
4. State in your own words Avogadro's hypothesis. State from memory the modern value of Avogadro's number.
5. State the postulates of the kinetic theory of gases.
6. Rewrite the ideal gas equation in terms of motion of the molecules of an ideal gas.
7. Explain what is meant by the term rms velocity.
8. Explain what is meant by Van der Waal's forces.
9. Given a phase diagram for water, determine the range of temperature and pressure at which water is a solid, liquid, or gas. Describe what is meant by the triple point of water and point out the triple point on a phase diagram.
10. Explain what is meant by sublimation and use a phase diagram to determine the range of temperatures and pressures for which the sublimation of water could occur.
11. Explain why evaporation from a liquid is related to the temperature of the liquid and the average kinetic energy of the molecules of the liquid.
12. Explain what is meant by vapor pressure and explain why vapor pressure is related to the temperature of the liquid and the boiling point of the liquid.
13. Distinguish between relative humidity and absolute humidity and solve word problems related to relative humidity.
14. Explain what is meant by diffusion and why diffusion is slower through a liquid than through a gas.
15. Use Fick's law to solve word problems related to gaseous diffusion.
16. State Graham's law of diffusion and use this law to determine the mass of a molecule of an unknown gas.

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Chapter 14: Heat

Objectives
After studying the material of this chapter, you should be able to:
1. Convert from joules to calories and kilocalories and vice versa.
2. Distinguish between the concepts of temperature and heat.
3. Explain what is meant by specific heat, latent heat of fusion, and latent heat of vaporization.
4. Apply the law of conservation of energy to problems involving calorimetry.
5. Distinguish the three ways that heat transfer occurs: conduction, convection, and radiation.
6. Solve problems involving the rate of heat transfer by convection and radiation.

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Chapter 15: The Laws of Thermodynamics

Objectives
After studying the material of this chapter, you should be able to:
1. Explain what is meant by a physical system and distinguish between an open system and a closed system.
2. State the first law of thermodynamics and use this law to solve problems.
3. Distinguish between an isothermal process, isobaric process, isochoric process and adiabatic process and draw a PV diagram for each process.
4. Calculate the work done by a gas from a PV diagram. Use the equations for an ideal gas and for the internal energy of a gas to calculate the change in internal energy of a gas and the heat added or removed during a thermodynamic process.
5. Calculate the amount of heat which must be added or removed to change the temperature of a gas held in a closed container under conditions of constant volume or constant pressure.
6. Write from memory and explain the meaning of three equivalent ways of stating the second law of thermodynamics.
7. Use the first and second laws of thermodynamics to solve problems involving a Carnot engine.
8. Distinguish between a reversible process and an irreversible process. Give examples of each type of process.
9. Determine the change in entropy for a system in which the thermodynamic process is either reversible or irreversible.
10. Distinguish between macrostate and microstate and solve problems involving the statistical interpretation of entropy.

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